![]() The curl is the proverbial ‘aquatic skating ramp’ where most surfing is performed. It’s important to identify the peak to know two things: the perfect positioning to catch a wave and the direction of the ride. The peak is the highest point of a wave and the first part of the wave that breaks. Anatomy of a Wave Photo credit by: Book Surf CampsĪ wave consists of seven areas of interest: 1) the peak, 2) the curl, 3) the barrel, 4) the lip, 5) the impact zone, 6) the shoulder, and 7) the white water. You will learn about the anatomy of a wave, and how to approach a wave that suits your adrenaline needs. In this article, you will learn one of the surfers’ conventional wisdom: reading waves. How do surfers know which wave to catch for a quality ride, anytime and anywhere? Every wave is a fingerprint shaped primarily by wind, tide, and seafloor, along with dozens of other small natural forces. Reduce plastic waste exports Countries should take responsibility for the waste they produce and end global exports of plastic waste.Surfing takes place in an ever-changing playing field. ![]() Build better disposal facilities As a transitional measure, secure facilities to dispose of residual wast are likely to be needed. Develop plastic-to-plastic conversion Advances in plastic-to-plastic chemical conversion could enable us to recycle plastic that cannot be recycled mechanically, but greenhouse gas emissions must first be addressed. Increase mechanical recycling Increasing global mechanical recycling capacity will be crucial to ensuring that collected plastics is recycled. Improve waste collection Scaling up collection rates in middle- and low-income countries should be a top priority. Design recycling-friendly products For plastic that cannot yet be reduced, we should design these products so that they can be efficiently recycled. Substitute plastic for alternatives For certain products and packaging, plastics can be substituted with alternatives such as paper or compostable materials. Reduce growth in plastic production Eliminate avoidable plastic use and expand reuse and refill systems. Preventing the vast majority of plastic from entering the ocean requires reducing plastic use, finding substitutes for plastics, improving recycling practices, expanding waste collection, and ensuring that disposal facilities prevent plastic leakage as a transitional measure. Immediate, ambitious, and concerted actions. No single solution canĪchieve this goal rather, we break the plastic wave only by taking "Breaking the Plastic Wave," a global analysis using first-of-its kind modeling, shows that we can cutĪnnual flows of plastic into the ocean by about 80% in the next 20 years byĪpplying existing solutions and technologies. ![]() Products and have had few measures in place to regulate their use or How did we get here? We have been producing vast quantities of plastic It is harming marine life and damaging habitats. Plastic waste isĮntering the ocean at a rate of about 11 million metric tons a year, where Widely as packaging or in products because it’s versatile, cheap, andĬonvenient. Wrapped food and disposable bottles to microbeads in body washes, it’s used Plastic has become ubiquitous on store shelves and in our homes. ![]() 23, 2020, to include a more comprehensive list of contributors and sources, and to add a link to the recently published article in the journal Science. Editor's note: This report was updated on Oct. ![]()
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